Read tables package a number of parameters for use by programs which parse, generate, or otherwise manipulate external syntax of programs and objects. In particular, every read table contains a table which maps characters to objects which describe their lexical properties.
There is a standard read table which contains the standard read syntax for all characters. In order to define nonstandard read syntax, one must create a new read table using MAKE-READ-TABLE, and arrange for READ-OBJECT to use the new read table instead of the standard read table, e.g. by doing (SET (PORT-READ-TABLE ... ) ... ).